Characteristics and development history of plastic products
Development History
Compared with metal, stone and wood, plastic products have the advantages of low cost and strong plasticity. They are widely used in the national economy. The plastic industry occupies an extremely important position in the world today. For many years, the production of plastic products has developed at a high speed all over the world. . The output of plastic products in my country has always been in the forefront of the world rankings. Among them, the output of many plastic products has been ranked first in the world. my country has become a major producer of plastic products in the world. From 2001 to 2010, the average annual growth rate of my country's plastic products output remained above 15%. In 2010, my country's total output of plastic products reached 58.3 million tons.
From the perspective of demand, my country's per capita plastic consumption is still far behind the developed countries in the world. According to statistics, as an index to measure the development level of a country's plastics industry, the ratio of plastic to steel in my country is only 30:70, which is less than the world average of 50:50, and far less than the 70:30 of the United States and 63:37 of developed countries such as the United States and Germany. In the future, with the technological progress and consumption upgrade of my country's modified plastics, my country's plastic products needs are expected to maintain a growth rate of more than 10%.
Plastic products are widely used, and the huge downstream industry provides strong support for the development of my country's plastic products industry. With the promulgation of the "Planning Rules for the Revitalization of the Petrochemical Industry", my country's plastic products industry has ushered in new development opportunities. The market demand for plastic products in my country is mainly concentrated in agricultural plastic products, packaging plastic products, construction plastic products, industrial transportation and engineering plastic products.
2 performance characteristics
Compared with other materials, plastic has the following performance characteristics:
1. Light weight
Plastic is a lighter material with a relative density of 0.90-2.2. Obviously, can plastic float to the surface? Especially the foamed plastic, because of the micropores in it, the texture is lighter, and the relative density is only 0.01. This feature allows plastics to be used in the production of products that require lightening of their own weight.
2. Excellent chemical stability
Most plastics have good corrosion resistance to chemicals such as acids and alkalis. In particular, polytetrafluoroethylene (F4), commonly known as the plastic king, is more chemically stable than gold, and it will not deteriorate even if it is boiled in "aqua regia" for more than ten hours. Because F4 has excellent chemical stability, it is an ideal corrosion-resistant material. For example, F4 can be used as a material for conveying corrosive and viscous liquid pipelines.
3. Excellent electrical insulation properties
Ordinary plastics are poor conductors of electricity, and their surface resistance and volume resistance are very large, which can reach 109 to 1018 ohms in numbers. The breakdown voltage is large, and the dielectric loss tangent value is small. Therefore, plastics have a wide range of applications in the electronics industry and machinery industry. Such as plastic insulated control cables.
4. Poor conductor of heat, with muffling and damping effects
Generally speaking, the thermal conductivity of plastic is relatively low, equivalent to 1/75—1/225 of steel, and the micropores of foam plastic.
It contains gas, which has better heat insulation, sound insulation and shock resistance. For example, the thermal conductivity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is only 1/357 of steel and 1/1250 of aluminum. In terms of thermal insulation capacity, single-glass plastic windows are 40% higher than single-glass aluminum windows, and double-glass windows are 50% higher. After the plastic window is combined with the hollow glass, it can be used in residences, office buildings, wards, and hotels, saving heating in winter and saving air-conditioning expenses in summer, and the benefits are very obvious.
5. Wide distribution of mechanical strength and high specific strength
Some plastics are as hard as stone and steel, and some are soft as paper and leather. From the perspective of the mechanical properties of plastics such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation and impact strength, they have a wide distribution range and have a lot of room for choice. Due to the small specific gravity and high strength of plastic, it has a high specific strength. Compared with other materials, plastics also have obvious shortcomings, such as flammability, higher stiffness than metals, poor aging resistance, and heat resistance.